Pehea ka nui o kāu ʻike e pili ana i nā magnet NdFeB?

ʻO nā mea magnet paʻa mau loa e komo pū me AlNiCo (AlNiCo) ʻōnaehana metala paʻa mau, ʻo ka hanauna mua SmCo5 mau mākēneki mau loa (i kapa ʻia ʻo 1:5 samarium cobalt alloy), ka lua o ka hanauna Sm2Co17 (i kapa ʻia ʻo 2:17 samarium cobalt alloy) mau magnet mau loa, ke kolu o ka hanauna kakaikahi. honua paʻa magnet paʻa NdFeB (i kapa ʻia ʻo NdFeB alloy). Me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻepekema a me ka ʻenehana, ua hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ka hana o ka NdFeB mau mea magnet permanente a ua hoʻonui ʻia ke kahua noi. ʻO ka NdFeB i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ka huahana ikehu magnetic kiʻekiʻe (50 MGA ≈ 400kJ/m3), kiʻekiʻe coercivity (28EH, 32EH) a me ka wela hana kiʻekiʻe (240C) i hana ʻia ma ka ʻoihana. ʻO nā mea waiwai nui o ka NdFeB mau mākēneki mau ʻo ia ka metala honua Nd (Nd) 32%, mea metala Fe (Fe) 64% a me ka mea non-metal B (B) 1% (kahi liʻiliʻi o dysprosium (Dy), terbium ( Tb), cobalt (Co), niobium (Nb), gallium (Ga), alumini (Al), keleawe (Cu) a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka ʻōnaehana ternary ʻo NdFeB ma luna o ka pūhui Nd2Fe14B, a pono e like kona haku me ka pūhui Nd2Fe14B molecular formula. Eia nō naʻe, haʻahaʻa loa nā waiwai magnetic o nā mea magnetik a i ʻole ka mākēneki i ka wā i puunaue loa ʻia ka ratio o Nd2Fe14B. Aia wale ka ʻike o ka neodymium a me ka boron i loko o ka magnet maoli ma mua o ka ʻike o ka neodymium a me ka boron i loko o ka pūhui Nd2Fe14B, hiki ke loaʻa i ka waiwai magnetic mau loa.

Sintering: Nā mea hoʻohui (formula) → hoʻoheheʻe ʻia → hana ʻana i ka pauka → kaomi ʻana (hoʻokumu ʻana i ka orientation) → sintering a me ka ʻelemakule → ka nānā ʻana i ka waiwai magnetic → ka hana mechanical → ka mālama ʻana i ka uhi ʻana (electroplating) → ka nānā ʻana o ka huahana.
Hoʻopaʻa: mea maka → ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka nui o ka ʻāpana → hui pū me ka mea hoʻopili → hoʻoheheʻe ʻia (ka hoʻopili ʻana, extrusion, injection) → ka mālama ʻana i ke ahi (hoʻopiʻi) → hana hou → ka nānā ʻana i ka huahana i pau.

ʻEkolu mau ʻāpana nui: remanence Br (Residual Induction), unit Gauss, ma hope o ka wehe ʻia ʻana o ke kahua mākēneki mai ka mokuʻāina saturation, ʻo ke koena puʻupuʻu magnetic i koe, e hōʻike ana i ka ikaika o waho o ka magnet; ikaika ikaika Hc (Coercive Force), unit Oersteds, e kau i ka magnet i loko o ka hoʻohuli ʻana i hoʻohana ʻia i ke kahua magnetic, i ka wā e piʻi aʻe ai ka pā magnetic i kekahi ikaika, e ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka mākēneki. Ke piʻi aʻe ka māla magnetic i hoʻohana ʻia i kekahi ikaika, e nalowale ka magnetism o ka magnet, ʻo ka hiki ke pale aku i ke kahua magnetic i hoʻopili ʻia i kapa ʻia ʻo Coercive Force, e hōʻike ana i ke ana o ke kūʻē demagnetization; ʻO ka huahana ikehu mākēneki BHmax, ʻāpana Gauss-Oersteds, ʻo ia ka ikehu mākēneki i hana ʻia no kēlā me kēia ʻāpana o nā mea, ʻo ia ka nui kino o ka nui o ka ikehu e hiki ke mālama.

I kēia manawa, ʻo nā wahi noi nui: ʻo ka mīkini paʻa mau, generator, MRI, mea hoʻokaʻawale magnetic, leo leo leo, ʻōnaehana levitation magnetic, hoʻoili magnetic, hoʻokiʻekiʻe magnetic, instrumentation, wai magnetization, magnetic therapy mea, etc. no ka hana kaʻa, nā mīkini maʻamau, ʻoihana petrochemical, ʻoihana ʻike uila a me nā ʻenehana ʻokiʻoki.

ʻO ka NdFeB ka mea ikaika loa i ka honua, ʻo kāna huahana ikehu he ʻumi mau manawa kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka ferrite i hoʻohana nui ʻia, a ma kahi o ʻelua ʻelua ke kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka hanauna mua a me ka lua o nā mea magnet honua (SmCo permanent magnet), i kapa ʻia ʻo ia. ka "alii o ka magnet mau". Ma ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā mea magnet mau loa, hiki ke hoʻemi nui ʻia ka nui a me ke kaumaha o ka hāmeʻa. Ma muli o ka nui o nā kumu waiwai o ka neodymium, i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā magnet permanent samarium-cobalt, ua hoʻololi ʻia ka cobalt pipiʻi e ka hao, e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka huahana.