Kodi mumadziwa bwanji za maginito a NdFeB?

Permanent maginito zipangizo makamaka AlNiCo (AlNiCo) dongosolo zitsulo okhazikika maginito, m'badwo woyamba SmCo5 okhazikika maginito (otchedwa 1:5 samarium cobalt aloyi), m'badwo wachiwiri Sm2Co17 (otchedwa 2:17 samarium cobalt aloyi) okhazikika maginito, m'badwo wachitatu osowa dziko lapansi okhazikika maginito aloyi NdFeB (wotchedwa NdFeB aloyi). Ndi chitukuko cha sayansi ndi luso, ntchito NdFeB okhazikika maginito zakuthupi wakhala bwino ndi ntchito munda wakhala kukodzedwa. The sintered NdFeB ndi mkulu maginito mphamvu mankhwala (50 MGA ≈ 400kJ/m3), high coercivity (28EH, 32EH) ndi kutentha ntchito kutentha (240C) wakhala opangidwa m'mafakitale. Waukulu zopangira za NdFeB okhazikika maginito ndi osowa lapansi zitsulo Nd (Nd) 32%, zitsulo Fe (Fe) 64% ndi sanali zitsulo chinthu B (B) 1% (yochepa dysprosium (Dy), terbium ( Tb), cobalt (Co), niobium (Nb), gallium (Ga), aluminium (Al), mkuwa (Cu) ndi zinthu zina). NdFeB ternary dongosolo okhazikika maginito zakuthupi zachokera Nd2Fe14B pawiri, ndi zikuchokera ayenera kukhala ofanana pawiri Nd2Fe14B chilinganizo maselo. Komabe, katundu maginito wa maginito ndi otsika kwambiri kapena sanali maginito pamene chiŵerengero cha Nd2Fe14B kwathunthu anagawira. Pokhapokha zomwe zili neodymium ndi boron mu maginito enieni kuposa zomwe zili neodymium ndi boron mu Nd2Fe14B pawiri, zimatha kupeza bwino okhazikika maginito katundu.

Sintering: Zosakaniza (chilinganizo) → kusungunula → kupanga ufa → kukanikiza (kupanga mawonekedwe) → sintering ndi kukalamba → kuyang'ana katundu wa maginito → kukonza makina → mankhwala zokutira pamwamba (electroplating) → kuwunika kwazinthu zomalizidwa
Kumanga: zopangira → kusintha kukula kwa tinthu → kusakaniza ndi binder → kuumba (kuponderezana, extrusion, jekeseni) → kuwombera (kuponderezana) → kubwezeretsanso → kuyang'anira zomwe zatha

Pali magawo atatu akuluakulu: remanence Br (Residual Induction), unit Gauss, maginito atatha kuchotsedwa pamtundu wa machulukidwe, otsala a maginito osakanikirana, omwe amaimira mphamvu ya kunja kwa maginito; mphamvu yokakamiza Hc (Kukakamiza Mphamvu), unit Oersteds, ndikuyika maginito mosinthana ndi maginito, pomwe maginito ogwiritsidwa ntchito amawonjezeka ku mphamvu inayake, kachulukidwe ka maginito a maginito adzakhala apamwamba. Pamene mphamvu ya maginito yogwiritsidwa ntchito ikuwonjezeka ku mphamvu inayake, mphamvu ya maginito ya maginito idzazimiririka, kukhoza kukana mphamvu ya maginito yotchedwa Coercive Force, yomwe imayimira muyeso wa kukana kwa demagnetization; Magnetic energy product BHmax, unit Gauss-Oersteds, ndi mphamvu yamaginito yomwe imapangidwa pagawo lililonse lazinthu, zomwe ndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zomwe maginito angasunge.

Pakalipano, madera akuluakulu ntchito ndi: okhazikika maginito galimoto, jenereta, MRI, maginito olekanitsa, zomvetsera, maginito levitation dongosolo, maginito kufala, kukweza maginito, zida, madzi magnetization, zipangizo maginito mankhwala, etc. kupanga magalimoto, makina wamba, mafakitale a petrochemical, makampani azidziwitso zamagetsi ndiukadaulo wapamwamba kwambiri.

NdFeB ndi amphamvu okhazikika maginito zakuthupi mu dziko, maginito mphamvu mankhwala ndi kakhumi kuposa ferrite ankagwiritsa ntchito, ndipo pafupifupi kawiri kuposa m'badwo woyamba ndi wachiwiri wa osowa dziko maginito (SmCo okhazikika maginito), amene amadziwika kuti "mfumu ya maginito osatha". Posintha zida zina zokhazikika za maginito, voliyumu ndi kulemera kwa chipangizocho zitha kuchepetsedwa mokulira. Chifukwa cha zinthu zambiri za neodymium, poyerekeza ndi maginito okhazikika a samarium-cobalt, cobalt yamtengo wapatali imasinthidwa ndi chitsulo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mankhwalawa akhale okwera mtengo.