Umhlaba ongavamile waziwa ngokuthi "ivithamini" wezimboni zesimanje, futhi unenani elibalulekile lamasu ekukhiqizeni okuhlakaniphile, imboni yamandla amasha, inkundla yezempi, i-aerospace, ukwelashwa, kanye nazo zonke izimboni ezisafufusa ezihilela ikusasa.
Isizukulwane sesithathu somazibuthe be-NdFeB obungajwayelekile bomhlaba singazibuthe ezinamandla kunawo wonke kumazibuthe anamuhla, aziwa ngokuthi "inkosi kazibuthe engapheli". Ozibuthe be-NdFeB bangenye yezinto ezinamandla kazibuthe ezitholakala emhlabeni, futhi izakhiwo zayo kazibuthe ziphakeme izikhathi eziyi-10 kune-ferrite esetshenziswa kabanzi ngaphambili, futhi cishe izikhathi ezi-1 ziphakeme kunesizukulwane sokuqala nesesibili sikamazibuthe omhlaba angavamile (umazibuthe we-samarium cobalt unomphela) . Isebenzisa "insimbi" esikhundleni se-"cobalt" njengento eluhlaza, inciphisa ukuncika ezintweni zamasu eziyivelakancane, futhi izindleko zehliswe kakhulu, okwenza ukusetshenziswa okubanzi kozibuthe basemhlabeni abangajwayelekile kwenzeke. Ozibuthe be-NdFeB bayinto efanelekile yokukhiqiza amadivaysi asebenza kahle kakhulu, ama-miniaturized futhi angasindi kazibuthe, azoba nomthelela woguquko ezinhlelweni eziningi.
Ngenxa yezinzuzo zemithombo yempahla esetshenziswayo yaseChina eyivelakancane, iChina isibe umphakeli omkhulu kunabo bonke emhlabeni wezinto zikazibuthe ze-NdFeB, ezibalelwa ku-85% womkhiqizo womhlaba wonke, ngakho-ke ake sihlole inkambu yesicelo semikhiqizo kazibuthe ye-NdFeB.
Izicelo of NdFeB ozibuthe
1.Imoto yobu-Orthodox
Ukusetshenziswa kozibuthe be-NdFeB abasebenza kakhulu ezimotweni zendabuko kugxile kakhulu emkhakheni we-EPS nama-micromotor. I-EPS electronic power steering inganikeza umphumela wamandla wemoto ngesivinini esihlukene, iqinisekise ukuthi imoto ilula futhi iyavumelana nezimo lapho ishayela ngesivinini esiphansi, futhi izinzile futhi inokwethenjelwa lapho ishayela ngesivinini esikhulu. I-EPS inezidingo eziphakeme ekusebenzeni, isisindo kanye nomthamo wamamotho kazibuthe unomphela, ngoba izinto zikazibuthe ezihlala unomphela ku-EPS zisebenza kakhulu ngozibuthe be-NdFeB, ikakhulukazi ozibuthe be-NdFeB . Ngaphezu kwe-starter eqala injini emotweni, amanye ama-motor asatshalaliswa ezindaweni ezahlukene emotweni ama-micromotor. I-NdFeB odonsa unomphela uzibuthe impahla inokusebenza okuhle kakhulu, esetshenziselwa ukwenza motor inezinzuzo zosayizi omncane, isisindo esilula, ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu nokonga amandla, i-micromotor yangaphambilini yezimoto kuphela njenge-wiper, i-windshield scrubber, iphampu kawoyela kagesi, i-antenna ezenzakalelayo nezinye izinto. umthombo wamandla womhlangano, inani lincane uma kuqhathaniswa. Izimoto zanamuhla ziphishekela ukunethezeka nokusebenza okuzenzakalelayo, futhi ama-micro-motor aseyingxenye ebalulekile yezimoto zesimanje. I-Skylight motor, imoto yokulungisa isihlalo, injini yebhande lesihlalo, injini kagesi ethi antenna, injini yokuhlanza i-baffle, i-cold fan motor, i-air conditioner motor, iphampu yamanzi kagesi, njll. konke kudinga ukusebenzisa ama-micromotor. Ngokwezilinganiso zemboni yezimoto, imoto ngayinye kanokusho idinga ukuba nama-micromotor angu-100, okungenani izimoto ezisezingeni eliphezulu ezingu-60, okungenani zibe nezimoto zezomnotho ezingu-20.
2.Imoto Yamandla Entsha
I-NdFeB magnetic material unomphela uzibuthe ingenye yezinto zokusebenza eziyinhloko zezimoto zamandla amasha. I-NdFeB magnetic material inokusebenza okuhle kakhulu futhi isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza ama-motor, angakwazi ukubona "ozibuthe be-NdFeB" bamamotho ezimoto. Emotweni, ngenjini encane kuphela, inganciphisa isisindo semoto, ithuthukise ukuphepha, inciphise ukukhishwa kwegesi, futhi ithuthukise ukusebenza kwemoto iyonke. Ukusetshenziswa kozibuthe be-NdFeB izinto kazibuthe ezimotweni zamandla amasha kukhudlwana, futhi imoto ngayinye eyi-hybrid (HEV) idla cishe 1KG odonsa abaningi be-NdFeB kunezimoto zendabuko; Ezimotweni ezihlanzekile zikagesi (EV), izinjini zikazibuthe zomhlaba ezingavamile esikhundleni samajeneretha endabuko asebenzisa omazibuthe be-2KG NdFeB.
3.AInkundla ye-erospace
Izinjini zikazibuthe zomhlaba ezingavamile zisetshenziswa kakhulu ezinhlelweni ezihlukene zikagesi ezindizeni. I-electric brake system iyisistimu yokushayela enenjini kagesi njengebhuleki layo. Isetshenziswa kakhulu ezinhlelweni zokulawula indiza yendiza, izinhlelo zokulawula imvelo, amasistimu okubhuleka, uphethiloli kanye nezinhlelo zokuqala. Ngenxa yokuthi omazibuthe basemhlabeni abangajwayelekile banezakhiwo ezinhle kazibuthe, inkambu kazibuthe eqinile ingasungulwa ngaphandle kwamandla engeziwe ngemva kokusebenza kazibuthe. Imoto kazibuthe yomhlaba engavamile eyenziwe ngokushintsha insimu kagesi yemoto yendabuko ayisebenzi nje kuphela, kodwa futhi ilula ngesakhiwo, inokwethenjelwa ekusebenzeni, isayizi encane nesisindo esincane. Ayikwazi ukufeza ukusebenza okuphezulu kuphela okungakwazi ukufinyelelwa yizinjini zendabuko ezivusa amadlingozi (njengokusebenza kahle kakhulu, isivinini esikhulu, isivinini sokuphendula esiphezulu), kodwa futhi ingakhiqiza izinjini ezikhethekile ukuze zihlangabezane nokusebenza okuthile. izidingo.
4.Ezinye izindawo zokuhamba (izitimela ezinesivinini esikhulu, izitimela ezihamba ngaphansi, izitimela ze-maglev, amathilamu)
Ngo-2015, "unomphela uzibuthe high-speed ujantshi" yaseChina ukusebenza kwecala ngempumelelo, ukusetshenziswa umhlaba ezingavamile uzibuthe synchronous traction system, ngenxa unomphela uzibuthe motor ngqo excitation drive, ne high energy ukuguqulwa ukusebenza kahle, isivinini esizinzile, umsindo ongaphakeme, encane. usayizi, isisindo esilula, ukwethembeka nezinye izici eziningi, ukuze isitimela sokuqala sezimoto eziyi-8, sisuka ezimotweni eziyisi-6 siye ezimotweni ezi-4 ezifakwe amandla. Ngaleyo ndlela konga izindleko zesistimu yokudonsa izimoto ezi-2, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwesitimela, konga okungenani u-10% kagesi, nokunciphisa izindleko zomjikelezo wokuphila wesitimela.
Ngemva kweIzibuthe ze-NdFeBUmhlaba ongavamile ozibuthe unomphela we-traction motor usetshenziswa esitimeleni esingaphansi komhlaba, umsindo wesistimu uphansi kakhulu kunalowo we-asynchronous motor lapho usebenza ngesivinini esiphansi. Ijeneretha kazibuthe unomphela isebenzisa ukwakheka okusha okuvaliwe okunomoya wemoto, okungaqinisekisa ngempumelelo ukuthi uhlelo lokupholisa lwangaphakathi lwemoto luhlanzekile futhi luhlanzekile, lususe inkinga yokuvinjwa kwesihlungi okubangelwa ikhoyili eveziwe ye-asynchronous traction motor esikhathini esidlule, nokwenza ukusetshenziswa kuphephe futhi kuthembeke kakhulu ngokulungiswa okuncane.
5.ukukhiqiza amandla omoya
Emkhakheni wamandla omoya, ukusebenza okuphezuluIzibuthe ze-NdFeBisetshenziswa kakhulu ekushayeleni okuqondile, i-semi-drive kanye nezinjini zomoya ezihlala unomphela ezizibuthe ezinesivinini esikhulu, ezithatha i-fan impeller ukuthi ishayele ngokuqondile ukuzungezisa i-generator, ebonakala ngokuthakasela kukazibuthe unomphela, akukho ukusonteka okuvusa amadlingozi, futhi ayikho indandatho yokuqoqa kanye nebhulashi ku-rotor. . Ngakho-ke, inesakhiwo esilula nokusebenza okuthembekile. Ukusetshenziswa kwekhwalithi ephezuluIzibuthe ze-NdFeBkunciphisa isisindo sezinjini zomoya futhi zibenze zisebenze kahle. Okwamanje, ukusetshenziswaIzibuthe ze-NdFeBIyunithi ye-megawatt engu-1 cishe ithani elingu-1, ngokukhula okusheshayo kwemboni yamandla omoya, ukusetshenziswa kweIzibuthe ze-NdFeBkuma-turbines omoya nawo azokhula ngokushesha.
6.umthengi electronics
a.umakhala ekhukhwini
Ukusebenza okuphezuluIzibuthe ze-NdFeBiyisisetshenziswa esibalulekile esisezingeni eliphezulu kuma-smart phone. Ingxenye ye-electroacoustic ye-smart phone (umbhobho, isipikha esincane, ihedisethi ye-Bluetooth, i-hi-fi stereo headset), i-vibration motor, ukugxila kwekhamera ngisho nezinhlelo zezinzwa, ukushaja okungenantambo kanye neminye imisebenzi idinga ukusebenzisa izici ezinamandla kazibuthe.Izibuthe ze-NdFeB.
b.VCM
I-Voice coil motor (VCM) iwuhlobo olukhethekile lwe-direct drive motor, engaguqula ngokuqondile amandla kagesi abe amandla emishini enyakazayo. Umgomo ukubeka indilinga yomgqomo ovunguzayo endaweni efanayo yegebe lomoya kazibuthe, futhi ukujikajika kunikezwa amandla okukhiqiza amandla kazibuthe ukushayela umthwalo wokunyakaza okuphindaphindayo komugqa, futhi uguqule amandla kanye ne-polarity yamanje, ukuze ubukhulu futhi isiqondiso samandla kagesi singashintshwa.VCM inezinzuzo zokuphendula okuphezulu, isivinini esikhulu, ukusheshisa okuphezulu, isakhiwo esilula, usayizi omncane, izici ezinhle zamandla, ukulawula, njll. I-VCM ku-hard disk idrayivu (i-HDD) ikakhulukazi njengenhloko yediski ukuze inikeze ukunyakaza, iyingxenye ebalulekile ye-HDD.
c.i-air conditioner eshintshashintshayo
I-variable frequency air conditioning ukusetshenziswa kwe-micro-control ukwenza imvamisa yokusebenza kwe-compressor ishintshe phakathi kwebanga elithile, ngokushintsha imvamisa ye-voltage yokufaka ukulawula ijubane lemoto, okubangela ukuthi i-compressor iguqule ukudluliswa kwegesi kuye. shintsha ukugeleza kokujikeleza kwesiqandisi, ukuze amandla okupholisa noma amandla okushisa e-air conditioner ashintshe ukuze kuzuzwe inhloso yokulungisa izinga lokushisa elizungezile. Ngakho-ke, uma kuqhathaniswa ne-fixed frequency air conditioning, i-frequency conversion air conditioning inezinzuzo zokusebenza kahle kakhulu, ukonga amandla nokuvikelwa kwemvelo. Ngenxa yokuthi uzibuthe we-NdFeB uzibuthe ungcono kune-ferrite, ukonga amandla ayo kanye nomphumela wokuvikela imvelo ungcono, futhi ifaneleka kakhulu ukusetshenziswa ku-compressor ye-frequency conversion air conditioner, futhi i-air conditioner ngayinye yokuguqula i-air conditioner isebenzisa cishe i-0.2 kg NdFeB magnets. impahla.
d.Ukuhlakanipha okungekhona okwangempela
Ubuhlakani bokwenziwa kanye nokukhiqiza okukhaliphile sekuthole ukunakwa okwengeziwe, amarobhothi ahlakaniphile asephenduke ubuchwepheshe obuyisisekelo bokuguqula abantu emhlabeni, futhi umshini wokushayela uyingxenye eyinhloko yerobhothi. Ngaphakathi kwesistimu yokushayela, i-micro-Izibuthe ze-NdFeBzikhona yonke indawo. Ngokusho kolwazi kanye nedatha ibonisa ukuthi i-robot motor yamanje i-magnetic servo motor kanyeIzibuthe ze-NdFeBunomphela uzibuthe motor iyona ehamba phambili, i-servo motor, isilawuli, inzwa kanye nesinciphisi yizici ezibalulekile zohlelo lokulawula amarobhothi kanye nemikhiqizo ezishintshayo. Ukunyakaza okuhlanganyelwe kwerobhothi kubonakala ngokushayela imoto, okudinga isisindo esikhulu kakhulu samandla kanye ne-torque inertia ratio, i-torque yokuqala ephezulu, inertia ephansi kanye nebanga lokulawula ijubane elibushelelezi nelibanzi. Ikakhulukazi, i-actuator (i-gripper) ekugcineni kwerobhothi kufanele ibe mncane futhi ilula ngangokunokwenzeka. Uma impendulo esheshayo idingeka, i-drive motor kumele futhi ibe nomthamo omkhulu wesikhathi esifushane wokulayisha ngokweqile; Ukuthembeka okuphezulu nokuzinza kuyisidingo sokusetshenziswa okujwayelekile kwe-drive motor kumarobhothi ezimboni, ngakho-ke i-rare earth permanent magnet motor iyona efaneleke kakhulu.
7.imboni yezokwelapha
Ngokwezokwelapha, ukuvela kweIzibuthe ze-NdFeBuye wakhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kanye miniaturization kazibuthe resonance imaging MRI. Uzibuthe unomphela i-RMI-CT imaging magnetic resonance imaging esetshenziswa ukusebenzisa uzibuthe we-ferrite, isisindo sikazibuthe sifinyelela kumathani angama-50, ukusetshenziswaIzibuthe ze-NdFeBizinto ezihlala unomphela zikazibuthe, isithombe ngasinye senuclear magnetic resonance sidinga kuphela amathani angu-0.5 kuya kwamathani angu-3 kazibuthe unomphela, kodwa amandla kazibuthe angaphindeka kabili, athuthukise kakhulu ukucaca kwesithombe, futhiIzibuthe ze-NdFeBumshini wohlobo lukazibuthe unomphela unendawo encane, ukuvuza okuncane kakhulu kwe-flux. Izindleko eziphansi zokusebenza nezinye izinzuzo.
Izibuthe ze-NdFeBisiba usekelo oluyisisekelo lwezimboni eziningi ezithuthukile ngamandla amakhulu kazibuthe nokusebenza okubanzi. Siyakuqonda ukubaluleka kwayo, ngakho-ke senza konke okusemandleni ethu ukwakha isistimu yokukhiqiza ethuthukisiwe. I-Hangzhou Magnet Power Technology Co., Ltd. izuze ngempumelelo inqwaba kanye nokukhiqizwa okuzinzile kweIzibuthe ze-NdFeB, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uchungechunge lwe-N56, 50SH, noma 45UH, 38AH uchungechunge, singanikeza amakhasimende ngokuhlinzeka okuqhubekayo nokuthembekile. Isizinda sethu sokukhiqiza samukela imishini ethuthukisiwe ezishintshayo kanye nesistimu yokuphatha ehlakaniphile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunemba nokusebenza kahle kwenqubo yokukhiqiza. Isistimu yokuhlola ikhwalithi eqinile, ungaphuthelwa noma yimiphi imininingwane, ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi ucezu ngalunye lweIzibuthe ze-NdFeBukuhlangabezana nezindinganiso eziphakeme kakhulu, ukuze sikwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezihlukahlukene zamakhasimende ahlukene. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-oda elikhulu noma isidingo esingokwezifiso, singaphendula ngokushesha futhi sikulethe ngesikhathi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-29-2024
