Wazi kangakanani ngozibuthe be-NdFeB?

Izinto zikazibuthe ezihlala unomphela ikakhulukazi zifaka i-AlNiCo (AlNiCo) umazibuthe wensimbi unomphela, isizukulwane sokuqala sikazibuthe we-SmCo5 (okuthiwa 1:5 samarium cobalt alloy), isizukulwane sesibili Sm2Co17 (okuthiwa 2:17 samarium cobalt alloy) uzibuthe unomphela, isizukulwane sesithathu esingavamile umhlaba unomphela uzibuthe ingxubevange NdFeB (okuthiwa NdFeB ingxubevange). Ngokuthuthuka kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe, ukusebenza kwe-NdFeB unomphela kazibuthe kuye kwathuthukiswa futhi nenkundla yesicelo yandisiwe. I-NdFeB ene-sintered enomkhiqizo wamandla kazibuthe aphezulu (50 MGA ≈ 400kJ/m3), ukuphoqelelwa okuphezulu (28EH, 32EH) kanye nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu lokusebenza (240C) kukhiqizwa ezimbonini. Izinto zokusetshenziswa eziyinhloko zozibuthe be-NdFeB unomphela yinsimbi yomhlaba eyivelakancane i-Nd (Nd) 32%, i-metal element Fe (Fe) 64% kanye ne-non-metal element B (B) 1% (inani elincane le-dysprosium (Dy), i-terbium ( Tb), i-cobalt (Co), i-niobium (Nb), i-gallium (Ga), i-aluminium (Al), ithusi (Cu) nezinye izakhi). I-NdFeB ternary system ye-ternary unomphela izinto zikazibuthe zisekelwe ku-Nd2Fe14B kwakwakhe, futhi ukwakheka kwayo kufanele kufane ne-compound Nd2Fe14B formula yamangqamuzana. Kodwa-ke, izici kazibuthe zikazibuthe ziphansi kakhulu noma aziyona i-magnetic lapho isilinganiso se-Nd2Fe14B sisatshalaliswa ngokuphelele. Kuphela uma okuqukethwe kwe-neodymium ne-boron kukazibuthe wangempela kungaphezu kokuqukethwe kwe-neodymium ne-boron ku-Nd2Fe14B kwakwakhe, kungathola impahla kazibuthe ehlala njalo engcono.

I-Sintering: Izithako (ifomula) → ukuncibilika → ukwenza impushana → ukucindezela (ukwakha umumo) → ukucwilisa nokuguga → ukuhlola indawo kazibuthe → ukucutshungulwa ngomshini → ukwelashwa kokumboza phezulu (i-electroplating) → ukuhlolwa komkhiqizo oqediwe
Ukuhlanganisa: impahla eluhlaza → ukulungiswa kosayizi wezinhlayiyana → ukuxuba ne-binder → ukubumba (ukuminyanisa, ukukhipha, umjovo) → ukwelashwa kokudubula (ukucindezela) → ukucutshungulwa kabusha → ukuhlolwa komkhiqizo oqediwe

Kunemingcele emithathu eyinhloko: i-remanence Br (I-Residual Induction), iyunithi ye-Gauss, ngemva kokuba insimu kazibuthe isusiwe esimweni sokugcwala, ukuminyana okusele okuguquguqukayo kazibuthe, okumelela amandla angaphandle kazibuthe wamagnetic; amandla okuphoqelela i-Hc (Amandla Okuphoqelela), iyunithi i-Oersteds, iwukubeka umazibuthe endaweni kazibuthe esetshenziswayo, lapho inkambu kazibuthe esetshenzisiwe ikhula ibe namandla athile, ukuminyana kazibuthe kazibuthe kuzoba phezulu. Lapho insimu yamagnetic esetshenzisiwe ikhula ibe namandla athile, i-magnetism yamagnetic izonyamalala, ikhono lokumelana nensimu yamagnetic ebizwa ngokuthi i-Coercive Force, emele isilinganiso sokumelana ne-demagnetization; Umkhiqizo wamandla kazibuthe i-BHmax, iyunithi ye-Gauss-Oersteds, amandla kazibuthe akhiqizwa ngeyunithi ngayinye yevolumu, okuyinani elibonakalayo lokuthi mangakanani amandla kazibuthe angawagcina.

Njengamanje, izindawo eziyinhloko ezisetshenziswayo yilezi: unomphela ozibuthe motor, ijeneretha, i-MRI, isihlukanisi kazibuthe, isipikha somsindo, isistimu yokuzulazula kazibuthe, ukudluliselwa kazibuthe, ukuphakamisa kazibuthe, i-instrumentation, i-liquid magnetization, imishini yokwelapha kazibuthe, njll. Isiphenduke into ebaluleke kakhulu. ukukhiqiza izimoto, imishini ejwayelekile, imboni ye-petrochemical, imboni yolwazi lwe-elekthronikhi kanye nobuchwepheshe obuphambili.

I-NdFeB iyinto eqinile kazibuthe ehlala unomphela emhlabeni, umkhiqizo wayo wamandla kazibuthe uphakeme ngokuphindwe kashumi kune-ferrite esetshenziswa kabanzi, futhi cishe iphindwe kabili kunesizukulwane sokuqala nesesibili sezibuthe zomhlaba ezingavamile (umazibuthe we-SmCo), owaziwa ngokuthi “inkosi kazibuthe unomphela”. Ngokushintsha ezinye izinto zikazibuthe ezihlala njalo, ivolumu nesisindo socingo kungancishiswa kakhulu. Ngenxa yezinsiza eziningi ze-neodymium, uma kuqhathaniswa nezizibuthe ezihlala njalo ze-samarium-cobalt, i-cobalt ebizayo ithathelwa indawo insimbi, okwenza umkhiqizo ube nezindleko ezingaphezulu.